At what frequency range does medium frequency radio wave operate?

Medium frequency (MF) radio waves operate within the range of 0.3 to 3.0 MHz. This frequency band is used primarily for AM radio broadcasting, where signals can propagate long distances, especially during nighttime due to reduced interference from the ionosphere.

The characteristics of medium frequency waves allow them to travel beyond the horizon by reflecting off the ionosphere, making them suitable for regional communication. At frequencies below 0.3 MHz, which are considered low frequency (LF), the propagation characteristics differ, generally allowing for longer wavelengths that are more suited for different applications. Frequencies above 3.0 MHz fall into the high frequency (HF) range, which also has distinct propagation behaviors, including the ability to utilize skywave propagation for long-distance communication. Frequencies related to higher categories such as very high frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh frequency (UHF) focus on different propagation methods that are less about ground waves and more about direct line-of-sight communication.

Understanding where medium frequency fits in this spectrum is essential for comprehending its application in radio communications and its prevalence in AM broadcasting.