Which type of modulation is considered more resistant to multipath fading?

Frequency Modulation (FM) is recognized for its higher resistance to multipath fading compared to other modulation types. This characteristic is due to the way FM encodes information in the frequency of the carrier wave rather than its amplitude.

In FM, the frequency of the carrier signal changes in accordance with the input signal, which means variations in the amplitude of the signal—common during multipath propagation—have less impact on the received signal's quality. Multipath fading occurs when signals take multiple paths to reach the receiver, causing constructive and destructive interference. The frequency variations in FM help maintain signal integrity in these conditions, resulting in a clearer and more reliable reception.

In contrast, other modulation types like Amplitude Modulation (AM) can experience significant issues with multipath fading because they encode information in the signal's amplitude. Changes in amplitude due to interference can directly affect the quality of the received signal. While Phase Modulation (PM) also has some resistance due to its phase changes in the signal, FM generally provides superior performance in environments with high multipath conditions. Single Sideband Modulation (SSB) is efficient in bandwidth usage but still remains susceptible to fading issues similar to AM and PM when faced with multipath effects.

Therefore, FM is preferred in